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ATATÜRK'ÜN HAYATI


 
 
 
Mustafa Kemal's CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION
 
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 - 1938) is the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal was born in Thessaloniki in 1881. His father's name is Ali Riza Efendi. His father was a customs officer.
 
His mother's name was Zübeyde Hanim. For primary education, Shams Efendi School in Salonika is gone. But Mustafa Kemal lost his father at an early age. This remained so had to leave school. Mustafa and his mother have gone to the country to live with uncles. Her mother was raised. Life continued in this way for a while.
 
Mustafa started to work on the farm, but began to worry because her mother not to go to school. Eventually, it was decided to live with her mother's sister in Thessaloniki. He has done the record in Salonika Military Junior High School. After graduating in 1895 Military Middle School, Mustafa Kemal entered the military school in the monastery.
 
After graduating from military school in the monastery successfully, Mustafa Kemal went to Istanbul in March 13, 1899 were enrolled in the preparatory class a question. After finishing the War, Mustafa Kemal started to the Military Academy and graduated in 1902 with a staff captain on January 11, 1905.
 

His VIEWS
 
On economy
 
As a result of the reforms of Ataturk, Turkey's economic structure has been completely showed an improvement for the better. With the abolition of capitulations was basically thrown necessary for a national and liberal economy. Atatürk's opinion on the country's economy, "the lord of the country is genuine villagers growers" are put forward by the adage.
 
On Foreign Policy
 
Atatürk: "Peace at Home, Peace in the World" adage on, shake it the confidence of the people of many national leaders of the period, the state and its institutions to internal buckling policy, police-state tactics and then despite vigorously to shift to international conflicts, depending was thick.
 
Turkey, in the state of the country at this time and can block such attempts to undermine its internal institutions, has managed to stay out of the war.
 
Atatürk's Reforms
 
Ataturk as a military genius and a charismatic leader, but also a great revolutionary. At the time, reach the level of contemporary civilizations and the Republic of Turkey to be an active member of the culturally advanced society, it was crucial to modernize. Mustafa Kemal country has modernized life.
 
Ataturk between 1938 and 1924, which are vital to the revolution, to keep the people of salvation and life has implemented. All these revolutions, was welcomed with great enthusiasm by the Turkish people.
 
Alphabet Revolution
 
One of the most important revolution which was carried out by Atatürk has been the adoption of the abolition of the Arabic alphabet and the Latin alphabet. On 3 November 1928, the new Turkish alphabet was adopted.
 
Clothing Revolution
 
Along with clothing revolution, giving women wearing bedsheets, women began to wear modern clothes. Men began to wear hats rather than the fez.
 
Secularisation of the Legal System
 
Founded in 1920, it was in need of a new legal system of the new State of Turkey. Atatürk adopted the Swiss Civil Code instead of the Sharia Law, then in place of the current criminal law has brought the Italian Penal Code. The Turkish legal system has been modernized framework in the contemporary requirements.
 
Secularisation of Education
 
Until the early 19th century, various educational systems were used in the Ottoman Empire. Ataturk Islamic madrasa system of education that was not responsive to the needs of the new society. Therefore, the creation of a new education system, similar to the western model was necessary. Thus, replacing the current system of a university reform was carried out in 1933.
 
Women Civil Rights Provided
 
Together with reforms of Atatürk, Turkish women were granted new rights that have been neglected for centuries. Thus, civil law will be adopted in accordance with the rights granted to women and men in the hereafter, will be able to be assigned to official duties, shall have the right to vote and elected to Parliament. The principle of monogamy and equal rights for women, the spirit of Turkish society.
 
Studies on Ataturk's Turkish History
 
After writing a kind of revolution in the sense of nationalism in cultural fields, Atatürk gave weight to the issue date and in 1931 established the Turkish Historical Society. Here, Turkey is being examined in a comprehensive manner and evaluated.
 
In addition, the new calendar, Weights and Measures, such as holidays and many other revolutions that took place in the Surname Law. These are some examples of the issues between 1924 Weekend Act, 1925 Universal Time and Calendar System, Law of Obligations and Commercial Law in 1926, 1933 and 1934 Measurement Systems Surname Act.
 
Under a law adopted in 1932 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey who bought surname and also the leader of the nation "Father of the Turks" he was given the surname Atatürk meaning.
 
Principles of Atatürk
 


Ataturk's principles, can be grouped under six main headings:
 
Republicanism:
 
The political nature of the Kemalist revolution is a revolution and the transition to multinational Turkey has carried out a nation-state empire, and thus gain national identity of modern Turkey. Kemalism only recognizes a republican regime in Turkey. Kemalism believes that people's republic of sole regime can fulfill their desires.
 
Populism:
 
When the terms of its content and goals, the Kemalist revolution was also carries a social revolution. This revolution was carried out in a manner directed by an elite group of the public in general. Kemalist revolution, especially in Switzerland
 
Western laws, including the Civil Code, together with the implementation in Turkey has brought radical changes in the status of women. Moreover, adopted in 1934, women received the right to vote by a law.
 
Ataturk in various media have said the true rulers of Turkey were the peasants. This was actually a target quality rather than a reality in Turkey. In fact, the official explanation given to the principle of populism stated that Kemalism was against class privileges and class distinctions are and no individual, family, class, or other organization did not accept to be on again.
 
Kemalist ideology, in fact, was based on an idea expressed in Turkish citizenship. The idea of ​​civic pride associated with their further studies to provide the needed psychological spur to, would help to achieve a sense of unity and national identity.
 
Secularism:
 
Kemalist secularism did not merely mean separation of state and religion, as well as religious education, it bores the meaning of separation of the cultural and legal issues. Secularism, the idea of ​​freedom of religion and religious organizations and institutions meant to be independent of influence. Thus, the Kemalist revolution was also a secularist revolution.
 
Many Kemalist reforms were made to bring about secularism, and others were realized because secularism had been achieved. The Kemalist principle of secularism was not against God's principles. It was a policy that excluded This is a rational and religious politics. The Kemalist principle not enlightened Islam, but against Islam towards modernity.
 
Reformism:
 
One of the most important principles that Atatürk reformism or revolutionary. The meaning of this principle was that Turkey made reforms and that she replaced traditional institutions with modern institutions. The cancellation meant that traditional concepts and modern concepts were adopted. The principle of reformism went beyond the recognition of the reforms which were made.
 
Nationalism:
 
The Kemalist revolution was also a nationalist revolution. Kemalist nationalism was not a racist nature. The aim of this revolution, to preserve the independence of the Republic of Turkey, and also was the political development of the Republic. It was a nationalism which respected the right to independence of all other nations.
 
Again, this nationalism was a social nationalism. Only anti - not imperial, but also the need of any class of dynastic rule was both a nationalist opposed to managing the Turkish society. Kemalist nationalism, homeland of the Turkish state is an indivisible whole and believes in the principle that with people.
 
Statism:
 
Kemal Atatürk made clear in his statement and policies that Turkey's complete modernization was said to be significantly dependent on economic and technological development.
 
In this context, it is interpreted to mean that of the principle of the state of the country's overall economic activities of the organization and the area in which want to enter the private sector or the private sector in areas where inadequate or national interests of the area where you are required need to enter again the state. However, the implementation of the principle of the state not only as the principle source of economic activity but also as owner of major industries of the country.
 
His DEATH
 

Ataturk has traveled frequently in the country. Bursa Ataturk had Gemlik and cold during trips. Being treated and returned to Istanbul to relax. But, unfortunately Ataturk was very seriously ill. He died on November 10, 1938 at 9.05't Ataturk. But he won immortality in the eyes of the people. From the moment of his death, his name and memory of loved has taken place in the hearts of his people.
 
He has won many battles as a commander, have affected the masses as a leader, he has exhibited a successful management as a statesman, and finally a revolutionary as a social, cultural, economic, showed the success of changing radically the political and legal structure. He has been one of the most outstanding figures in world history. History will count him among the great leaders of the honorable sons of the Turkish nation and humanity.
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